Tag: Institute of Global Health Innovation

IGHI at Digital Health Rewired 2026: Shaping the future of digital health

The Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI) at Imperial College London will showcase its work in digital health, leadership and policy at Digital Health Rewired 2026. The event brings together digital health leaders, innovators and policymakers from across the UK.

3 IGHI team members at Rewired event

Taking place on 24–25 March at the NEC Birmingham, Rewired will bring together experts from across healthcare, technology and research to explore how digital innovation is transforming health systems. Across the two-day programme, IGHI researchers, educators and partners will take part in keynote conversations and panel discussions exploring how data, artificial intelligence and research-led leadership are shaping the future of healthcare.

Attendees will also be able to connect with the IGHI team during the event and learn more about how the Institute’s research, policy expertise and education programmes are supporting the next generation of digital health leaders.

Data-driven leadership in the NHS

On day two of the conference, IGHI will host the MSc Digital Health Leadership Dissertation Panel, highlighting how research undertaken by NHS professionals through IGHI’s Digital Health Leadership Programme is driving improvements across the health service.

Since the programme launched in 2018, around 160 NHS digital leaders have undertaken research projects addressing complex challenges within their organisations. Many of these studies have strengthened the evidence base for innovation, supported better decision-making and delivered tangible improvements in care.

Kenny Oniti, Senior Teaching Fellow at IGHI and chair of the session, said:

“The Dissertation of Practice projects enable students to tackle real-world challenges, anchoring their learning to organisational priorities and evidence-based practice to create measurable value for the NHS.”

During the session, recent graduates from the MSc in Digital Health Leadership: Vicky Kong, Antonia Brown and Adrian Jonas will share insights from their research, including the challenges they encountered, the lessons they learned and the impact their work is having within the communities they serve.

AI and the future of health innovation

On day one of Rewired, Dr Hutan Ashrafian, Honorary Senior Research Fellow at IGHI, will join Professor Gillian Leng, President of the Royal Society of Medicine, for a keynote conversation examining the transformative role of artificial intelligence in healthcare.

A surgeon, entrepreneur and internationally recognised researcher, Dr Ashrafian is among the world’s most highly cited scientists and has worked at the forefront of translational clinical research, AI trials and health policy.

His recent research on the role AI can play in breast cancer screening has received significant media attention.

In this session, the speakers will explore AI as both a driver and product of health innovation. From real-world advances in mammography and surgical practice to questions of regulation, workforce development and risk, the discussion will examine how AI is reshaping clinical pathways, discovery and decision-making, and what responsible adoption will require at this critical moment for healthcare.

Designing digital care for real people

Also on day two, IGHI will present work from a collaboration with Mental Health Innovations (MHI) examining how digital tools can better support the mental health needs of younger populations.

The session, “Beyond the dashboard: designing digital care for minds, bodies, and real people,” will share emerging findings from research exploring the needs of children aged 13 and under and the opportunities for digital health solutions to address gaps in current services.

The session will also introduce a new digital platform designed specifically to support younger users. The work reflects a broader ambition to develop digital health tools that respond to the realities of patients’ lives and experiences.

Speaking ahead of the session, Dr Chris Agape Ajah, Policy Fellow in Digital Health at IGHI, said:

“This session will highlight IGHI’s unique approach to innovation, grounded in insights from people with lived experience and data. This is exemplified through our long-term partnership with MHI and our upcoming report on the mental health needs of children aged 13 and under. I look forward to sharing these insights with delegates and expanding opportunities for collaboration.”

Join us at Rewired

Together, these sessions highlight how research, education and policy expertise can work together to accelerate the digital transformation of healthcare.

If you are attending Digital Health Rewired 2026, come and connect with the IGHI team at stand A45, join the conversations across the programme and discover how research, innovation and digital leadership are shaping the future of healthcare.

Explore the full Digital Health Rewired programme and register on the Rewired website.

Innovative children’s hospice opens in Italy with support from IGHI

“Arca sull’albero”, a new children’s hospice in Bologna, Italy, was inaugurated last week, marking a significant milestone in children’s palliative care. The hospice, funded by Fondazione Hospice Maria Teresa Chiantore Seràgnoli, is a testament to innovative, user-centred design and care. Researchers and designers from the Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI) and its Helix Centre played a pivotal role in its development, ensuring the incorporation of lessons from international best practices and of user-centred innovation.

Aerial view of "Arca sull’albero" children’s hospice in Italy. Credits: Enrico Cano
Aerial view of “Arca sull’albero” children’s hospice in Italy. Credits: Enrico Cano

Access to children’s palliative care is a human right. According to the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, “children are entitled to quality health services, including prevention, promotion, treatment, rehabilitation and palliative care services.’’ However, 8 million children around the world need specialist palliative care, but only 10% of them actually receive it. Even in otherwise developed health systems like Italy’s, provision of paediatric palliative care is limited.

The new children’s hospice

“Arca sull’albero” is one of the first and most innovative children’s hospices in Italy. It stands out as unique in several key ways. Its architecture, designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop, merges functionality with a serene, home-like atmosphere, providing a comforting sanctuary with natural light and open spaces.

"Arca sull’albero" children’s hospice in Italy. Credits: Enrico Cano
“Arca sull’albero” children’s hospice in Italy. Credits: Enrico Cano

The hospice’s care protocols align with global best practices, ensuring the highest standard and continuity of care. Focus on user experience is paramount, with every detail meticulously designed to make the stay comfortable and stress-free for children and their families. Additionally, the hospice’s governance and management processes aim to maximise effectiveness and openness to innovation.

Isabella Seràgnoli, from the Fondazione Hospice Maria Teresa Chiantore Seràgnoli, said:

“The children’s hospice represents concretely the concept of care. Palliative care is not only about treating physical pain, but also psychological pain, and requires attention to the situation of the person and their family. For this reason the hospice is an open and permeable place, a home where social relations and affection are possible and in which to experience beauty.’’

Collaboration with IGHI

The IGHI team has been involved from the project’s inception. Leveraging its extensive expertise and research, IGHI informed the hospice’s strategy and its approach to innovation, ensuring that “Arca sull’albero” not only meets but exceeds global standards in children’s palliative care.

Designers from the Helix Centre engaged with children and their families, including siblings, to understand their needs and put them at the centre of IGHI’s research efforts in this area. They also designed prototypes of innovative solutions that informed the plans of Fondazione Hospice Maria Teresa Chiantore Seràgnoli  for the new hospice.

Gianluca Fontana, Deputy Director of IGHI, said:

“It is rare to be able to play an active role in the creation of a new healthcare provider. I am proud of the work of many IGHI team members in researching and designing solutions in children palliative care. I am extremely grateful to Fondazione Seràgnoli for the trust they put in us and for their support of our activities in this space.”

A team from IGHI’s Centre for Health Policy led the development of the report, “The children’s palliative care provider of the future: A blueprint to spark, scale and share innovation”. The report emphasises the importance of innovation in children’s palliative care, advocating for adopting new technologies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a patient-centred approach. Through interviews with 51 experts in 27 countries, the project identified 9 key features of innovative paediatric palliative care providers:

      • People
      • Culture
      • Leadership
      • Vision
      • Organisation
      • Partnerships
      • Services
      • Technology
      • Place

“Arca sull’albero” exemplifies these characteristics, setting a new standard for children’s hospices in Italy and beyond. The report also revealed the opportunity for dedicated advancement of excellence and innovation in paediatric palliative care worldwide. With the support of the partnership between Fondazione Hospice Maria Teresa Chiantore Seràgnoli and the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Global Treehouse Foundation was established and is now working in partnership with innovators, funders, providers and entrepreneurs to address the global lack of access to children’s palliative care.

Laura Dale-Harris, Founder Director of Global Treehouse Foundation, added :

“Arca sull’albero is a model of where the global children’s palliative care field can grow – deep local roots with families, children, and communities – partnered with innovators and expertise like IGHI. We are excited to welcome Arca sull’albero to the community of entrepreneurial children’s palliative care providers around the world.”

The opening event

At the inauguration last week, Gianluca Fontana from IGHI took part in an event alongside Renzo Piano, the building’s renowned architect, paediatric palliative care experts Professor Julia Downing, CEO of the International Children’s Palliative Care Network, and Dr Renee McCulloch from Great Ormond Street Hospital and University College London. The speakers presented the latest development in paediatric palliative care globally to an audience of paediatricians and nurses from the Emilia Romagna region.

Gianluca Fontana speaking at the inauguration event. Credits: Jonty Roland
Gianluca Fontana speaking at the inauguration event. Credits: Jonty Roland

Renzo Piano described his vision for the architectural project, an “ark on the trees where children and families can find relief surrounded by the magic and natural beauty of the woods”. Professor Downing presented a global overview of the development of paediatric palliative care services. Dr McCulloch shared her experience working in research and clinical practice in the sector. Gianluca Fontana spoke about the key features of the paediatric palliative care provider of the future.

Renzo Piano speaking at the inauguration event. Credits: IGHI
Renzo Piano speaking at the inauguration event. Credits: IGHI

The future

IGHI is committed to improvement and innovation in paediatric palliative care and in the health of children more broadly. Beside the continued collaboration with Arca sull’albero and Global Treehouse Foundation, researchers at IGHI and Helix have a number of early stage projects working with children and young people, particularly around mental health and rare diseases, for which they are interested in exploring opportunities for further collaboration and funding.

Julia Anderson Careers Event 2024: Inspiring sixth formers with career insights and opportunities to transform global health

In February we hosted the Julia Anderson Training Programme (JATP) Careers Event 2024 at Institute of Global Health Innovation (IGHI), a fantastic evening for sixth form students to learn more about our Julia Anderson programme and the IGHI, and get inspired for their future careers. 

JATP trainees with IGHI staff
Credit: Rolando Charles

Sixth formers from different London state-funded schools travelled to The Invention Rooms, at Imperial College London’s White City Campus, to participate in the event. They got the chance to learn more about the opportunities at IGHI, hear some of our staff members’ career journeys, as well as interact with some of the fantastic workstreams we work on to improve people’s health.

About the Julia Anderson Programme and next cohort recruitment 

The evening started with Sophie Pieters, IGHI Operations Officer and JATP Programme Lead, welcoming the attendees and introducing the JATP programme, including the eligibility criteria and the new trainee roles available in the summer. 

The Julia Anderson Training Programme gives people with limited or no work experience the opportunity to join an impactful stream of work at IGHI, Imperial College London’s. The paid programme gives trainees the opportunity to grow their network, boost their CV and develop applicable workplace skills and knowledge.  

Sophie announced the three upcoming roles for the next cohort in July, specifically Analytics and Events Trainee, Public Involvement Trainee and Educational Research Trainee (the first two are open to those with no university). On 14 March, a webinar will be held to provide people with more information on the programme, the training positions on offer and useful advice for the application. Students were highly encouraged to sign up for the webinar. 

Career talks from IGHI staff and trainees 

Next, some of the IGHI staff and current trainees delivered individual presentations highlighting their career journey, challenges, and other valuable insights from their experience. 

“I found the job I loved although didn’t know it existed. It’s okay if you don’t know what you want to do.’’, said Eleni Daniels, Patient Safety Research Centre (PSTRC) Manager at IGHI, who has a background in biomedical sciences and worked in advertising before finding her dream job in a patient safety field. 

Image: Eleni Daniels giving a presentation about her career journey. Credits: Rolando Charles
Image: Eleni Daniels giving a presentation about her career journey. Credits: Rolando Charles

Amish Acharya, Scientific Advisor to Professor Ara Darzi at IGHI, talked about his ‘unconventional’ career path from medicine, followed by PhD in Behavioural Science, to his current role, where he is contributing to creating research projects and supporting the progress of scientific work. Amish advised: 

“Exams don’t represent who you are and what you can do. It’s never too late to change your path, don’t be afraid to try different things – this can often make you more adaptable and rounded as a person.’’ 

One of our current Julia Anderson Trainees, Tania Domun, a graduate of Population Health and Medical Sciences with a Master’s degree in Public Health, shared her experience so far as a JATP trainee in Behavioural Science and the benefits of joining the programme: 

 Tania Domun sharing her experience as a current JATP trainee. Credits: Rolando Charles
Tania Domun sharing her experience as
a current JATP trainee. Credits: Rolando Charles

JATP allows you to develop your skills and support you with the next steps in your career. It’s challenging when you don’t have a mentor or people to help you navigate your professional path. The programme does exactly that, by focusing on you as an individual. It’s a lot about your passions and not your previous work experience. This makes it a unique programme.’’ 

She also talked about the Imposter syndrome: ‘’I’ve realised many people, including me, deal with this syndrome – don’t let these feelings stop you from applying for the programme. This is the best time to explore possibilities and build new skills.’’ 

Lastly, Clarissa Gardner, Senior Design Researcher at TPXimpact and Honorary Research Fellow, spoke about her career journey as a ‘learning process’ and how she came about setting the JATP programme, after doing a MSc in Health and Design at IGHI: 

‘‘Your job title doesn’t matter as much as your ability to help others and inspire positive change. I recognised the diversity of people at IGHI, so I proposed this programme to create work experiences for people.’’  

Interactive activities showcasing IGHI Centres’ work 

After these inspiring talks, we organised interactive activities led by each of the IGHI Centres. During these sessions, attendees had the opportunity to engage with the different workstreams at IGHI in small groups and interact with IGHI staff members.  

The Hamlyn centre hosted a ‘create your own surgical robot’ activity. Sixth formers were challenged to conceptualise the design of a robot, then turn their drawings into 3D images using specialised software. Hamlyn centre representatives also explained the benefits of surgeons using surgical robots compared to traditional surgery methods, highlighting how they enhance precision during procedures. The participating team included Brandon Davies, Learning Technologist, Nazia Bharde, Project Officer, Robert Merrifield, Medical Design Associate and Salzitsa Anastasova-Ivanova, Facilities Manager.

Brandon Davies briefing students on how to design a surgical robot. Credits: Rolando Charles
Brandon Davies briefing students on how to design a surgical robot. Credits: Rolando Charles

At one of the Helix Centre stands led by Jodie Chan, Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement Officer, and Clare McCrudden, Policy Fellow from the Change Lab, students had the opportunity to discover how the public can influence research priorities, methodologies, and dissemination for healthcare improvement. They were encouraged to brainstorm alternative names for ‘antimicrobial resistance’ and open the ‘can of worms’ around healthcare data through an interactive activity, sparking further discussions on its benefits and risks. 

Image: Clare McCrudden talking about antimicrobial resistance with sixth formers. Credits: Rolando Charles
Image: Clare McCrudden talking about antimicrobial
resistance with sixth formers. Credits: Rolando Charles

They also learned about one of the upcoming JATP roles – Public Involvement Trainee who will help to involve local youth groups and schools in a project aimed at better understanding the mental health needs of children across the UK and identifying how services can better support them. 

The second Helix Centre stand was led by Matthew Harrison, Senior Design Associate, Alex Dallman-Porter, Designer Healthcare Products, and current JATP trainee, Andrew Watt. People were invited to participate in a grip strength assessment activity, during which they were asked to squeeze a ball-shaped dynamometer (‘squegg’) in their hand to measure their frailty levels and compare with their peers. Additionally, the stand showcased a sleeping mat used for measuring heart rate and respiratory rate, along with other environmental sensors designed for individuals with dementia. 

Jessica Newberry Le Vay, Climate Change and Health Policy Fellow at the Climate Cares Centre, hosted an interactive session about exploring climate emotions and imagining what future they want to see. The students were challenged to think about the following questions: ‘’How does climate change make you feel?, What stories do you hear about the future?, What would you want the future to look like?’’  

People were able to discuss their responses to these questions and see what other people have put. They explored actions that can improve both mental health and the climate, building hopeful and constructive narratives around climate change.  

Eleni Daniels from PSRC also had a stand on patient journey. She encouraged students to reflect on healthcare experiences of themselves, their family members, or friends, and to consider how these experiences could be further improved. People shared their thoughts and experiences, engaging in a dialogue that allowed them to open up and explore patient journeys from the GP to hospital settings. 

Feedback from sixth formers 

We were impressed by the amount of positive feedback we received from the sixth formers. Some examples below: 

“I’ve discovered that you don’t need to know exactly what you want to do at this age. It’s more important to be open to learning and taking on new opportunities and experiences.” 

“Many internships and training programmes require individuals to meet specific minimum requirements. It’s fantastic to discover that the JATP program doesn’t have such requirements, giving people the chance to gain those skills and build experience.”

Sophie Pieters, JATP Lead, and Holly Merton, JATP trainee, chatting with the sixth formers. Credits: Rolando Charles
Sophie Pieters, JATP Lead, and Holly Merton, JATP trainee, chatting with the sixth formers. Credits: Rolando Charles

“I found the event very engaging and fun. It made me think about my future career, the steps I want to take next and the sort of support I should be seeking. I am keen to apply for this programme!’’ 

On the day feedback indicated that, among our participants, 90% were inspired for their career after attending the event. According to our post-event online survey, 92% of our participants expressed their willingness to recommend JATP to a friend, while 83% of respondents indicated their intention to apply for JATP in the future. 

We are looking forward to seeing people applying for the JATP programme and taking advantage of the tremendous opportunities at IGHI to advance in their careers. The event was made possible by the EDI Seed Fund and we are very grateful for their support. 

Climate Change and Mental Health: Insights from Connecting Climate Minds’ First Regional Dialogues 

Villagers pray for their family members at a flooded public cemetery due to rising sea levels. Often, residents live with the seawater, as homes are commonly flooded. Sayung subdistrict, Demak, Central Java, Indonesia.
Photo credit: Aji Styawan / Getty Images Climate Visuals Grant recipient

 

As climate change continues to reshape our world, it’s not just landscapes that are transforming; the mental health of communities worldwide is also on the line. Over the past month, Connecting Climate Minds has been uniting global experts, researchers, and stakeholders in the diverse fields relevant to climate change and/or mental health from across the world. These discussions transcend borders, bringing together experts from seven regions of the world: Latin America and the Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa; Northern Africa and Western Asia; Central and South-Eastern Asia; Eastern and South-Eastern Asia; Oceania; and Europe and North America. The current field of mental health and climate change are disconnected and siloed, which reflects an urgent need to align research and action at the intersection of these two fields. The Connecting Climate Minds’ project aims to address this gap, with the goal of creating an actionable research agenda informed by lived experiences, while also connecting communities of practice across the globe. This agenda will capture the vast diversity of regions and groups of people that are affected by the climate crisis, allowing for an inclusive and comprehensive outline for future researchers, with investment and action from policymakers and relevant stakeholders.

The current field of mental health and climate change are disconnected and siloed, which reflects an urgent need to align research and action at the intersection of these two fields.

 

The first dialogues proved to be a stunning success, with a total of 288 attendees representing 42 different countries across the world. This impressive turnout reflects the pressing need for collaborative efforts to address climate change and the enthusiasm among experts to contribute their knowledge and skills to this global challenge. Each dialogue kicked off with a dynamic plenary session followed by breakout rooms, where lived experiences and on-ground stories were shared from attendees. The breakout rooms consisted of a variety of different perspectives, including medical practitioners, public health and psychology researchers, climate experts, economists, anthropologists, clinical professionals, disaster management personnel, and beyond. A few groups represented at the dialogue include the president of the Jordanian Association of Psychiatrists, United Nation Youth Delegates, and senior leaders within the World Health Organization (WHO).

Attendees shared personal stories and experiences related to climate change, underscoring the real-world impacts of the crisis on individuals and communities. One attendee from Afghanistan shared, “People lose their assets, their livestock, and people are getting injured, killed, especially when flash floods occur at night. Just recently, a few months back, there were flash floods in nine or ten provinces. We had around 20, 29 people dead, and then more than a hundred injured. That caused a huge level of anxiety in the households that lost their relatives.”  Another attendee from South Africa shared,  “We are all impacted by climate change. And people with money have insurance and can survive. But the rest of the population loses everything.” These lived experiences served as a powerful reminder of the urgency of the interplay between climate change and mental health. From the diverse array of perspectives shared, a rich tapestry of themes and discussions emerged from the breakout sessions.

Some of the notable themes include:

  • Socioemotional stress: With extreme weather changes, people may be prevented from seeing their family members and friends, and children may not be able to go to school. Increased social isolation leads to detrimental effects on mental health and wellbeing.
  • Economic impacts: Temperature and drought affects farmers, as well as the physical and cognitive demand of workers. In the long term, changes in the environment have led to significant food insecurity amongst communities.
  • Community Resilience: There is a pressing need to provide culturally-sensitive and accessible psychosocial support for people who have suffered disasters or other impacts from climate change. Long-term support is necessary to build community resilience in the face of environmental change and disaster.
  • Context-Specific Research: Each region has different needs and varied mechanisms by which climate change affects mental health. Thus, research priorities are not a “one size fits all” solution–instead, it should be context specific and informed by lived experiences.

 

The first Connecting Climate Minds dialogue is only the start of the collective effort to align research and action at the intersection of climate change and mental health. Participants at the dialogues expressed their gratitude for the opportunity to have their stories heard and collaborate with experts from different disciplines. 

One attendee noted, “I had the opportunity to unburden my heart. Many thanks for creating this space to inspire change and action.” 

 

Looking ahead, there are one more dialogues scheduled in the coming months for each of the seven global regions. The aims of the first dialogues were to create knowledge through research, and to foster evidence-based policy and action. Attendees will continue to work together to refine the research priorities that have been identified from these dialogues. Through collaboration, each region will build an inclusive research agenda and actionable plan aimed at addressing the nexus of mental health and climate change within their respective communities. Furthermore, pre- and post-dialogue surveys will be conducted to gather insights from attendees, such as their perception of themes identified in the dialogues and their views on what criteria can be used to prioritize future research.

It’s safe to say that the first Connecting Climate Minds Regional Dialogue represents a significant step forward in the global effort to combat climate change through knowledge- sharing, collaboration, and structured discussion. As we move forward, the goal remains clear: to work together, across disciplines and generations, to build an equitable research framework in the face of climate change for the people of our planet.

 


Connecting Climate Minds is funded by Wellcome and delivered through Imperial Projects.

Our global project team brings together experts across Imperial College London, the Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, the Climate Mental Health NetworkSustyVibesForce of NatureSt Luke’s Medical Center, The Planetary Health Alliance, Jordan Health Aid Society International, BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health (JPGSPH), Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (QCMHR), The University of Queensland (UQ), the University of the West Indies and Claretian University of Nigeria.

COPD – son of a TB

By Andre F.S. Amaral, Research Associate, National Heart and Lung Institute

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by chronic airflow obstruction and is the third most common cause of death worldwide, especially in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The main risk factor for this disease is tobacco smoking. However, smoking is still uncommon in many LMICs and more than 20% of people with COPD do not have a history of smoking.

What could then be causing COPD among people who do not smoke?
Some have advocated that the high number of deaths by COPD among non-smokers, especially in LMICs, could easily be explained by a high exposure to smoke from burning biomass for cooking, heating and lighting. However, large studies have ailed to find an association of airflow obstruction with use of biomass.

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Others have suggested that infectious diseases, which are still common in LMICs, could have a role in COPD. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of mortality due to respiratory infection worldwide, but with its death rate decreasing since 1990 several millions of people are saved every year. Broadly speaking there is considerable overlap between regions with high incidence of TB and high mortality from COPD, therefore it makes sense to improve our understanding of the relationship between these two diseases.

(more…)

World No Tobacco Day 2016: Get ready for plain packaging

By Tahrima Choudhury, Centre for Health Policy Intern

On the 31st of May every year the World Health Organisation (WHO) and partners mark World No Tobacco Day (WNTD), drawing attention to the dangers and health risks associated with tobacco consumption, and advocating for better policies to reduce tobacco use. This year’s WNTD will focus on the standardised (also known as plain) packaging of tobacco products, in the hope that it gains traction worldwide (1).

Australian_cigarette_pack_with_health_warning_December_2012The standardised packaging of tobacco products refers to limiting or banning of brand images, company logos, colours and promotional information on packaging. This only permits the display of brand and product names on a dark olive green coloured box with a standard font in conjunction with a graphic health warning image (2).

The notion behind this campaign is that tobacco packaging is seen as a mobile billboard. It is the final communication vehicle tobacco companies have left with people, silently promoting the consumption of tobacco, and distracting individuals, particularly children, from health warnings. Stripping away the glossy veneer will expose tobacco products for what they really are: a box of toxic, addictive product that is responsible for the death of around six million people a year (2).

Worryingly in the UK, two-thirds of smokers currently start smoking before they reach 18 years of age (3), beginning an addiction which kills up to two in three long-term smokers from a smoking-related cause (4). Tobacco use in the UK is the single greatest cause of avoidable deaths and preventable illness, with 100,000 people dying from a smoking associated cause each year (4). (more…)