Month: October 2013

The Fast-Paced World of Disaster Response

It has been a busy and exciting week here at the British Red Cross.

The week began with the earthquake in the Philippines.  A 7.1 magnitude earthquake hit Bohol, Philippines, close to the major city of Cebu.  The team were on hand to quickly draw information from multiple sources, including from the US Geographical Survey (below).

Earthquake in Bohol, Philippines, Source: USGS

 

What is a ‘Data Scramble’?

Rapidly drawing map information from many sources is useful to help the internal Red Cross response to a disaster.  This is known as a ‘data scramble’ and involves a team of several people all looking at different sources to gather information.

At the beginning of each emergency, various entities scramble looking for data sets to aid in their response. According to United Nations OCHA, it is beneficial to have these entities virtually coordinated during their respective scramble efforts so as to avoid duplications of efforts.

In this case, the team used a shared online document to upload information, which meant we were all quickly able to see the information that others had gathered.   In a disaster, information has to be provided rapidly, usually towards a deadline of 1 hour.

In the immediate aftermath of a disaster, there is a range of online mapping information which can be useful – including maps showing the impacts, population density, historical exposure, land use, and economic exposure.

It all goes to show that technology can be a vital tool for responding to disasters.

Once the task was completed, we did an analysis of the process to see where it could be improved next time, and gathered feedback from the team.  Guidelines are available online from agencies such as the UN.

Exposure to disasters is increasing

There is evidence that exposure to disasters increasing around the world, driven by forces such as population growth, deforestation and climate change (see the IPCC Special Report on Extreme Events).  Socio-economic factors interact with climatic factors to make people vulnerable.

This shows there needs to be greater international effort and attention on risk reduction, including forecasting, early warning systems, and long-term risk reduction including poverty reduction.

More to follow next week!

 

US Government Shutdown Prevents Access to Disaster Data

Using Data for Disaster Maps

In the second week of my placement at the British Red Cross, I have been helping to make a flooding map of Southern Africa.  We have been marking out the areas affected by flooding, cyclone and cholera in Southern Africa in the past 5 years (see below).  As I mentioned last week, the GIS team support the work of the Red Cross both here in the UK and abroad.

Map to show the areas in Southern Africa affected by flooding, cholera and cyclones in the past 5 years

The map is to help the logistics team decide where to put equipment warehouses containing non-food equipment for disaster relief.  Other factors to consider include access to transport links and the political context.

Challenges Accessing Data: US government shutdown

One major challenge this week has been accessing climate and weather data from US government websites.  This data is usually freely available online, but due to the ongoing political crisis in the US, some major government websites have been closed down.

The message showing on the NOAA website.

The NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) website (above), for example, usually provides weather information, but the website is totally closed. Most websites from the US Geographical Survey (USGS) are also closed down, which usually provides information on natural hazards and earthquakes.  A message on the USGS website states: “Only web sites necessary to protect lives and property will be maintained.

What happens to early warning systems during a US government shutdown?

All this has made me wonder, what has happened to global disaster early warning systems during the US government shutdown? Are these early warning systems able to function properly?

Early warning systems are vital for early response before a disaster strikes.   Luckily, the ‘National Hurricane Center’ remained partially active during the threat of Hurricane Karen last week, and fortunately this hurricane was not serious in the end.  However, international weather data is not available that would usually be available, and it has been reported that these websites are understaffed.

It seems that the USGS earthquake feed is also not working at the moment.  Unless critical data is available, the US government shutdown could be not only inconvenient, but could also potentially endanger people’s lives.

Getting to the Heart of TBIF’s Social Value

I finally bid farewell to the team at the Big Issue Foundation a few weeks back, since which time I’ve been tinkering away at my final report. I’d wanted to get all my ideas nailed down before blogging my final post, hence why this one is coming a little late.

I had originally set out to calculate The Big Issue Foundation’s social return on investment, as explained briefly in my previous post. I started at TBIF with practically a layperson’s knowledge of their operations, being little more than an admirer of the magazine and its ethos. But over the course of the five or so weeks I spent working there, my understanding of how it functions and where it creates its social value developed greatly. So too did my understanding of the methods used to account for that value, but the two did not grow to match one another. The more I learnt of the Big Issue Foundation and its impact and the more I learnt of the methods used to translate this impact into financial terms, the more I found that these methods were woefully inadequate in capturing where, in my eyes, the true value lie.

How do you put a value on being there for somebody when their family and friends have left them for dead?  How you do put a value on the patience and perseverance of the outreach team workers who, despite having to deal with abuse and relapse, never surrender in their bid to help vendors get their lives back on track? How do you put a value having someone to go with you to the dentist, for treatment that you badly need but haven’t sought out purely because you were scared to go? How do you put a value on being able to go out and do your job, feeling like you’re on top of your game, having had a free haircut and a shave? How do you put a value on rebuilding someone’s belief in society and in others, after they had felt so excluded and alone?

For me, the real value in TBIF’s work lay in ensuring those in crisis have that key human support they need at a time when they need it the most. For many of us, this support is so abundant that the thought of a world without it is practically unimaginable. It’s these interactions and these outcomes which, whilst they may not save the government a great deal of money, will bring more joy and happiness to these unstable individuals than I dare say any amount of money could bring to many of the rest of us.

Social return on investment evaluations serve a purpose and given the growth in social investment that purpose is growing in relevancy. But any evaluation fails to account for these benefits to the individual, which to somebody trying to get across the value of TBIF’s work such as myself seems at best flawed, at worst criminal. I’m not alone in this view: there is probably as much literature available that is critiques SROI approaches (or similar cost-benefit analyses) as offers guidance and I wonder if there will ever be suitable solution for the intractable problem of expressing the true value of different charities by means of a universal language. GiveWell, who rank charities based on lives saved per dollar spent, probably have the purest form of ranking but the fact that their system discriminates against the wealth of human needs is backed up by the fact that they recommend only three charities (across the globe) for sponsorship.

Now, having done my research, TBIF can say that given £1 today, they can create £1.45 of social change within twelve months, which makes for a useful tool in fundraising (although, to my knowledge, there is little scope for them to seek funding via SIBs in the near future).

At the time of writing the last post, I had SROI stars in my eyes but now I’m unsure if their adoption long term will prove healthy. For some, the access to funding will provide a stepping-stone to greater things, but is a charity sector driven by results, blurring the line between intended beneficiaries and data points, a step for the better?

I started out asking if you could express social change in financial terms and, if so, how well.  Now I find myself wondering if you should. In any case, my faith in human charity remains undiminished, moreover strengthened by what I’ve seen from my time at TBIF. Come what may, it’s reassuring to know that there will still be organisations like TBIF constantly pushing themselves to tackle social exclusion.

I had a whale of a time working at TBIF and I only hope that my contribution will prove useful. I’ve got to say a big thank you to Silja and Richard and to the rest of the team, Moira, Alan, Carolina, Stephen, Emma, Kathryn and Anna, who all made my short stay so enjoyable and who were so generous with their time. I’ve come out having seen a whole different side of the world – a far cry from what life on campus can lull you into thinking the real world is like – and that I wouldn’t have ordinarily seen were it not for Charity Insights.

It’s only been two weeks but I’m missing the place already!

 

Mapping Disasters at the British Red Cross

This week, I started my placement at the British Red Cross in London.  The GIS team play an important and vital role here in the work of the British Red Cross, providing map services to the other departments.

At the start of the week, I joined a corporate strategy meeting and found out about the seven fundamental principles that guide the work of the Red Cross, which include neutrality and impartiality. British Red Cross strategy is formed through an inclusive process of stakeholder engagement.

Back at the GIS team, I have been getting to know the British Red Cross mapping tools and systems. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are a powerful tool that can be useful in humanitarian work.

Maps are useful in disaster and emergency situations to visualise affected areas and organise the allocation of humanitarian resources.  The GIS team here work closely with the national and international teams to provide any maps they need. For example, last week the team made a security map of Nairobi after the Westgate Mall terror attacks.

Map to show the track and intensity of cyclones in the Bay of Bengal (Source: Author’s own)

With an increase in climate-related disasters in recent years due to climate change, the Red Cross is also building up knowledge in use of climate and weather information in order to anticipate future disasters.

Overall, it has been a busy and exciting week and I am really excited about working here at the Red Cross.  …More to follow next week!

Some fantastic feedback!

Well it’s the end of the first week of the autumn term and all but one of the Charity Insights internships has come to an end. We have had some fantastic feedback from our charity partners. Here are just a selection of their comments:

“Will was an enthusiastic, well liked and respected member of the team. I think he exceeded expectations and that is in the light of having arrived with an excellent CV in the first place. The work he has undertaken with a creative, methodical and detailed approach on Social Return on Investment is invaluable.”
Richard Mills, Big Issue

“Alex has been very enthusiastic, diligent and hardworking, and full of good ideas, and has been a real pleasure to work with. She’s been able to tackle some projects that we hadn’t got round to working on yet due to time constraints. She has used her neuroscience expertise to guide and advise us on particular on-going projects in this area.”
Helen Eaton, Royal Society Publishing

“Ben more than fulfilled the expectations of the team and the support has been invaluable. Seldom do we see such enthusiasm, reliability and commitment as we’ve experienced with Ben.” (This also came with a list of no less than 10 internship outcomes!
Sylvia Gardiner, LUCIA

“As far as we were concerned it was a real gift to us to be able to work with Lydia in this way. She did an excellent piece of work and we will be posting it on our own website shortly.  Thank you Lydia and thank you Imperial College and Charity Insights.
Charles Secrett & Fi Radford, The Act Alliance

“Taking on Eleanor through Charity Insights has been a fantastic opportunity. For many charities the ability to grow and take on extra staff is limited, therefore Charity Insights has given us the luxury of getting a project done that we normally wouldn’t have been able to do”
Manos Moschopoulos, IDEA

“The work Amira has done for the charity has been very useful to us, and having spoken to Amira she has got a lot out of her experience too – so it has been fantastic all round; I think it’s great that Imperial offers this to their students, and it’s obviously great for us as a charity too, so thank you very much!”
Patrick Smears, KEEN London

“It has been brilliant having Helena with our GIS team over the last month. Helena has been a great asset to a number of teams including ours while at the British Red Cross. She has gained some GIS expertise and these insights should stand her in good stead. We have certainly learnt much from her and her skills.”
Andrew Braye, British Red Cross

These are just a selection of the lovely comments we have received by phone and email. Well done all of you! I am looking forward to hearing more over a glass of wine and some cheese on Monday!

Amy

 

End of a Fantastic Four Weeks

My fourth and final blog can only start one way, and that is by saying a huge thank you to all the staff at Blue Ventures and the people involved with Charity Insights at Imperial. It has been a memorable four weeks that I feel extremely privileged to have had. There is no doubt in my mind that the experience I have gained from this placement will impact my future career positively.

 

 

The last couple of days have been busy and it has been enjoyable seeing the project coming together. Furthermore, I discovered a great local café that do all day full English breakfasts that were great at helping me power through the work load. Anyways, I hope the rapid population census proxy will benefit the company and they have valued my help. Hopefully this won’t be the last time I am involved with Blue Ventures and I am already enquiring about ways to help my local charities in Cumbria. There is nothing quite like using your scientific ability to help out people who really need it.

 

 

A part of me was sad leaving the office for the last time but it will be nice to get some rest; a break for the mind, but I cannot say the liver will get the same treatment. Freshers here we come………………

 

There isn’t one reason I can think of that would prevent me from working at Blue Ventures again, and I would highly recommend them to anybody interested in conservation or scientific research.